A924.Milking Order--Bronze

普及-

USACO

通过率:0%

时间限制:1.00s

内存限制:128MB

题目描述

Farmer John's NN cows (1N1051 \leq N \leq 10^5), numbered 1N1 \ldots N as
always, happen to have too much time on their hooves. As a result, they have
worked out a complex social hierarchy related to the order in which Farmer
John milks them every morning.
After weeks of study, Farmer John has made MM observations about his cows'
social structure (1M50,0001 \leq M \leq 50,000). Each observation is an ordered list
of some of his cows, indicating that these cows should be milked in the same
order in which they appear in this list. For example, if one of Farmer John's
observations is the list 2, 5, 1, Farmer John should milk cow 2 sometime
before he milks cow 5, who should be milked sometime before he milks cow 1.
Farmer John's observations are prioritized, so his goal is to maximize the
value of XX for which his milking order meets the conditions outlined in the
first XX observations. If multiple milking orders satisfy these first XX
conditions, Farmer John believes that it is a longstanding tradition that cows
with lower numbers outrank those with higher numbers, so he would like to milk
the lowest-numbered cows first. More formally, if multiple milking orders
satisfy these conditions, Farmer John would like to use the lexicographically
smallest one. An ordering xx is lexicographically smaller than an ordering
yy if for some jj, xi=yix_i = y_i for all i<ji < j and xj<yjx_j < y_j (in other
words, the two orderings are identical up to a certain point, at which xx is
smaller than yy).
Please help Farmer John determine the best order in which to milk his cows.

输入格式

The first line contains NN and MM. The next MM lines each describe an
observation. Line i+1i+1 describes observation ii, and starts with the number
of cows mim_i listed in the observation followed by the list of mim_i integers
giving the ordering of cows in the observation. The sum of the mim_i's is at
most 200,000200,000.

输出格式

Output NN space-separated integers, giving a permutation of 1N1 \ldots N
containing the order in which Farmer John should milk his cows.

输入输出样例

  • 输入#1

    4 3
    3 1 2 3
    2 4 2
    3 3 4 1
    

    输出#1

    1 4 2 3
    

说明/提示

Here, Farmer John has four cows and should milk cow 1 before cow 2 and cow 2
before cow 3 (the first observation), cow 4 before cow 2 (the second
observation), and cow 3 before cow 4 and cow 4 before cow 1 (the third
observation). The first two observations can be satisfied simultaneously, but
Farmer John cannot meet all of these criteria at once, as to do so would
require that cow 1 come before cow 3 and cow 3 before cow 1.
This means there are two possible orderings: 1 4 2 3 and 4 1 2 3, the first
being lexicographically smaller.

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