题解(法兰西大佬加上缩进)

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
const int N=5e5+10;
inline int read(){
	int x=0,f=1;
	char ch=getchar();
	while(!isdigit(ch)){
		if(ch=='-') f=-1;
		ch=getchar();
	}while(isdigit(ch)){
		x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(ch^48);
		ch=getchar();
	}return x*f;
}
int n,d[N],fa[N],a[N],b[N],k[N],ans;
signed main(){
	n=read();
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
			char ch=getchar();
			while(ch!='('&&ch!=')') 
				ch=getchar();
			if(ch=='(') 
				d[i]=1;
			else d[i]=-1;
		}for(int i=2;i<=n;i++)
			fa[i]=read();
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
			if(i==1)
				continue;
			if(d[i]==1)
				k[i]=k[fa[i]];
			else{
				int now=fa[i];
				while(d[now]!=1&&now)
					now=fa[b[now]];
				if(now){
					a[i]=a[fa[now]]+1;
					b[i]=now;
				}k[i]=k[fa[i]]+a[i];
			}ans=ans^(i*k[i]);
		}cout<<ans<<endl;
	return 0;
}